diff --git a/install_and_cache_pkgs.sh b/install_and_cache_pkgs.sh
index 206acb0..23580e0 100755
--- a/install_and_cache_pkgs.sh
+++ b/install_and_cache_pkgs.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ for package in ${normalized_packages}; do
   log "- ${package}"
 done
 
-log -n "Updating APT package list..."
+log "Updating APT package list..."
 sudo apt-get update > /dev/null
 echo "done."
 
@@ -41,11 +41,14 @@ for package in ${normalized_packages}; do
 
   all_packages="$(apt-get install --dry-run --yes "${package_name}" | grep "^Inst" | awk '{print $2}')"
   dep_packages="$(echo ${all_packages} | grep -v "${package_name}" | tr '\n' ,)"
+  if "${dep_packages}" == ","; then
+    dep_packages="none";
+  fi
 
   log "- ${package_name}"
   log "  * Version: ${package_ver}"
-  log "  * Dependencies: ${dep_packages:0:-1}"
-  log -n "  * Installing..."
+  log "  * Dependencies: ${dep_packages}"
+  log "  * Installing..."
   # Zero interaction while installing or upgrading the system via apt.
   sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get --yes install "${package}" > /dev/null
   echo "done."
@@ -55,14 +58,14 @@ for package in ${normalized_packages}; do
 
     if test ! -f "${cache_filepath}"; then
       read cache_package_name cache_package_ver < <(get_package_name_ver "${cache_package}")
-      log -n "  * Caching ${cache_package_name} to ${cache_filepath}..."
+      log "  * Caching ${cache_package_name} to ${cache_filepath}..."
       # Pipe all package files (no folders) to Tar.
       dpkg -L "${cache_package_name}" |
         while IFS= read -r f; do     
           if test -f $f; then echo "${f:1}"; fi;  #${f:1} removes the leading slash that Tar disallows
         done | 
         xargs tar -czf "${cache_filepath}" -C /      
-      echo "done (compressed size $(du -k "${cache_filepath}" | cut -f1))."
+      log "done (compressed size $(du -k "${cache_filepath}" | cut -f1))."
     fi
 
     # Comma delimited name:ver pairs in the all packages manifest.
@@ -72,13 +75,13 @@ done
 log "done."
 
 manifest_all_filepath="${cache_dir}/manifest_all.log"
-log -n "Writing all packages manifest to ${manifest_all_filepath}..."
+log "Writing all packages manifest to ${manifest_all_filepath}..."
 # Remove trailing comma and write to manifest_all file.
 echo "${manifest_all:0:-1}" > "${manifest_all_filepath}"
-echo "done."
+log "done."
 
 manifest_main_filepath="${cache_dir}/manifest_main.log"
-log -n "Writing main requested packages manifest to ${manifest_main_filepath}..."
+log "Writing main requested packages manifest to ${manifest_main_filepath}..."
 # Remove trailing comma and write to manifest_main file.
 echo "${manifest_main:0:-1}" > "${manifest_main_filepath}"
-echo "done."
\ No newline at end of file
+log "done."
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib.sh b/lib.sh
index 2c216be..0a9c580 100755
--- a/lib.sh
+++ b/lib.sh
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 # Sort these packages by name and split on commas.
 function normalize_package_list {
-  stripped=$(echo "${1}" | sed 's/,//g')
+  local stripped=$(echo "${1}" | sed 's/,//g')
   # Remove extraneous spaces at the middle, beginning, and end.
-  trimmed="$(echo "${stripped}" | sed 's/\s\+/ /g; s/^\s\+//g; s/\s\+$//g')"  
-  echo "$(echo "${trimmed}" | sort)"
+  local trimmed="$(echo "${stripped}" | sed 's/\s\+/ /g; s/^\s\+//g; s/\s\+$//g')"  
+  echo "${trimmed}" | sort
 }
 
 # Split fully qualified package into name and version
@@ -18,12 +18,4 @@ function get_package_name_ver {
   echo "${name}" "${ver}"
 }
 
-function log {
-  timestamp="$(echo -n "$(date +%H:%M:%S)")"
-  line=""${timestamp}" "$(echo ${@})""
-  if [[ "${1}" == "-n" ]]; then
-    echo -n "${line}"
-  else
-    echo "${line}"
-  fi   
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+function log { echo "$(date +%H:%M:%S)" "${@}"; }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pre_cache_action.sh b/pre_cache_action.sh
index 19f6594..7921adb 100755
--- a/pre_cache_action.sh
+++ b/pre_cache_action.sh
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ log "Creating cache key..."
 normalized_versioned_packages="$(normalize_package_list "${versioned_packages}")"
 log "- Normalized package list is '${normalized_versioned_packages}'."
 
-value="$(echo "${normalized_versioned_packages} @ ${version}")"
+value="${normalized_versioned_packages} @ ${version}"
 log "- Value to hash is '${value}'."
 
 key="$(echo "${value}" | md5sum | /bin/cut -f1 -d' ')"
diff --git a/restore_pkgs.sh b/restore_pkgs.sh
index d056630..ec6c475 100755
--- a/restore_pkgs.sh
+++ b/restore_pkgs.sh
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ cache_pkg_filepaths=$(ls -1 "${cache_dir}"/*.tar.gz | sort)
 cache_pkg_filecount=$(echo ${cache_pkg_filepaths} | wc -w)
 log "Restoring ${cache_pkg_filecount} packages from cache..."
 for cache_pkg_filepath in ${cache_pkg_filepaths}; do
-  log -n "- $(basename "${cache_pkg_filepath}") restoring..."
+  log "- $(basename "${cache_pkg_filepath}") restoring..."
   sudo tar -xf "${cache_pkg_filepath}" -C "${cache_restore_root}" > /dev/null
-  echo "done."
+  log "done."
 done
 log "done."